# Candida Symposium (1965) --- ## CONTENTS ### Editors’ Preface — iv ### List of Contributors — vi ### Introduction to the Symposium — 1 W. St. C. Symmers --- ## PART 1 — Pathological Aspects General Features of Candida Infections — 6 H. I. Winner Discussion — 12 Pathogenicity of the Genus Candida — 13 Rosalinde Hurley Discussion — 24 Laboratory Investigations of Candida Infections — 26 D. W. R. MacKenzie Discussion — 42 Serological Study of Candida Species — 44 I. G. Murray and Helen R. Buckley Discussion — 50 --- ## PART 2 — Experimental and Veterinary Measurement of Drug Action in Experimental Candida Infections — 54 Francis O’Grady Discussion — 63 Effects of Antibiotics and Steroids on the Growth of Candida in vitro and in vivo — 65 R. E. M. Thompson Discussion — 71 Candida Allergy — 73 G. Holti Discussion — 80 Experimentally Induced Candida Infections — 82 G. A. Gresham Discussion — 87 Candida albicans and Other Yeasts Associated with Animal Disease — 89 P. K. C. Austwick, G. A. Pepin, J. C. Thompson, D. Yarrow Discussion — 99 --- ## PART 3 — Clinical Candida Infections in a Maternity Hospital — 102 R. F. Jennison Discussion — 111 Urethritis and Balanitis Due to Candida — 113 R. D. Catterall Discussion — 117 Classification and Clinico-Pathological Features of Candida Infections in the Mouth — 119 Thomas Lehner Discussion — 136 Chronic Oral Candidosis, Denture Stomatitis, and Chronic Hyperplastic Candidosis — 138 R. A. Cawson Discussion — 152 Candida in Chronic Ear Infections — 154 C. J. La Touche Treatment of Yeast Infections of the External Ear — 161 D. D. Devine Discussion — 162 --- ## Additional Clinical Sections Candidosis of Skin, Nails, and Hair Follicles — 164 L. Forman Discussion — 177 Candida Infections in Paediatrics — 179 K. B. Rogers Discussion — 194 Septicaemic Candidosis — 196 W. St. C. Symmers Discussion — 212 Candida Infections of the Lung — 214 N. S. Plummer Discussion — 219 Treatment of Candida Infections — 221 John P. Utz Discussion — 243 Index — 245 --- ## CONTRIBUTORS P. K. C. Austwick — Central Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge, Surrey A. J. E. Barlow — Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield J. A. G. Baxter — Cumberland T. Black — Liverpool Royal Infirmary Helen R. Buckley — London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine R. D. Catterall — Middlesex Hospital, London R. A. Cawson — Guy’s Hospital, London B. W. Cromie — E. R. Squibb & Sons R. R. Davies — Wright-Fleming Institute, London D. D. Devine — Leeds General Infirmary E. Drouhet — Institut Pasteur, Paris S. F. Dunbar — Unilever Research Laboratory M. A. Erooga — St. Mary’s Hospital A. Ewing — E. R. Squibb & Sons Louis Forman — Guy’s Hospital G. A. Gresham — Cambridge Gunter Holti — Royal Victoria Infirmary Rosalinde Hurley — Queen Charlotte’s Maternity Hospital R. F. Jennison — St. Mary’s Hospitals, Manchester C. J. La Touche — University of Leeds Thomas Lehner — Guy’s Hospital Medical School Alan Lyell — Royal Infirmary, Glasgow D. W. R. MacKenzie — Queen’s University Belfast P. C. Mitchell — Cumberland Infirmary O. Morton — Bristol Laboratories Ian G. Murray — London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Francis O’Grady — St. Bartholomew’s Hospital G. A. Pepin — Weybridge N. S. Plummer — Charing Cross Hospital D. M. Pryce — St. Mary’s Hospital K. B. Rogers — Birmingham Children’s Hospital J. J. Rohatiner — Guy’s Hospital W. Sims — Royal Dental Hospital W. St. C. Symmers — Charing Cross Hospital J. C. Thompson — Weybridge R. E. M. Thompson — Middlesex Hospital Napier Thorne — Prince of Wales’s Hospital John P. Utz — Medical College of Virginia / NIH R. Vanbreuseghem — Antwerp Institute C. Howard Whittle — Cambridge H. I. Winner — University of London D. Yarrow — Weybridge --- ## EDITORS’ PREFACE This book records the scientific contributions presented at a symposium held at the Royal College of Physicians, London, in May 1965. The symposium aimed to coordinate and consolidate current work on Candida infections in Great Britain. Contributions were gathered from leading researchers, with one contributor from outside the British Isles (Dr. John P. Utz). The editors did not alter contributors’ opinions, even where disagreements existed, focusing instead on consistent presentation. Discussion transcripts were edited from recordings to preserve substance while shortening debate. Acknowledgments include pharmaceutical support, contributors, session chairs, and Miss Brenda Fletcher for secretarial assistance. H. I. Winner Rosalinde Hurley London, 1966 --- ## INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM W. St. C. Symmers This symposium provides an opportunity to review knowledge of pathogenic Candida species and the diseases they cause. While much focus is on Candida albicans, other species are also important and often overlooked. Before the Second World War, medical training in Britain covered very few fungal diseases, typically limited to thrush, ringworm, and actinomycosis. Many other mycoses were considered exotic or geographically irrelevant. Fungal infections received little clinical attention, despite their presence in both superficial and deep tissues. Increasing global research has revealed a much broader and more significant role for fungi in disease. Candida albicans has historically been viewed as a minor pathogen, but it is now recognized as capable of causing serious and even fatal disease. Many clinicians remain insufficiently aware of this. Modern medical treatments, particularly antibiotics, corticosteroids, and cytotoxic drugs, have increased the incidence of Candida infections. These treatments alter normal flora and create conditions favorable to fungal overgrowth. In some cases, drug-induced fungal infections have contributed directly to patient mortality. The symposium emphasizes the importance of recognizing, diagnosing, and preventing Candida infections, including those caused by medical intervention. It is hoped that these proceedings will expand both knowledge and clinical awareness.